ウラジミール・レーニンは、偉大だ。
ウラジミール・レーニンは、「自決権self-determination」という概念を初めて表明した。
国連は、「自決権self-determination」を追認した。
私は西側を糾弾しています。
ウラジミール・レーニンのお陰で、東欧は独立を達成できた。
「アフリカ、南アジア、東南アジア」が独立したとき、ウラジミール・レーニンの精神は「アフリカ、南アジア、東南アジア」へと受け継がれた。
なぜドイツを信用する人々がいるのか、私には理解できない。
西側は、帝国主義者で植民地主義者でファシストだ。
明らかに、「自決権self-determination」という概念は、植民地独立につながる。
そして、西側は、帝国主義者で植民地主義者でファシストだ。
(西側は多くのコロニーを持っていた。そして、西側は、植民地を占領することで大金を得た。)
ゆえに、西側は決して、「自決権self-determination」などと自発的に主張しない。
したがって、ウラジミール・レーニンは、偉大だ。
ウラジミール・レーニンは、「自決権self-determination」という概念を初めて表明した。
国連は、「自決権self-determination」を追認した。
以下の点が重要だ。
以下の点は、「結局のところ、米国も帝国主義者のメンバーの一人に過ぎない」、ということを意味している。
>>[Wikipedia]
>>「自決権self-determination」
>>ボルシェビキがロシアで「10月革命October Revolution」により権力を握ったとき、ボルシェビキは「ロシアが第1次大戦から連合国の一員として即座に撤退する」よう主張した。When the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia in the October Revolution, they called for Russia's immediate withdrawal as a member of the Allies of World War I.
>>ボルシェビキは、さらに、植民地も含む全ての国の「自決権self-determination」という権利を支持した。They also supported the right of all nations, including colonies, to self-determination."
>>このことは、ウィルソンのより制限された要求に対する挑戦となった。This presented a challenge to Wilson's more limited demands.
[Wikipedia]
Self-determination
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination
The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.
It states that peoples, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity, have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference.
The concept was first expressed in the 1860s, and spread rapidly thereafter.
During and after World War I, the principle was encouraged by both Soviet Premier Vladimir Lenin and United States President Woodrow Wilson.
Having announced his Fourteen Points on 8 January 1918, on 11 February 1918 Wilson stated: "National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. 'Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action."
During World War II, the principle was included in the Atlantic Charter, declared on 14 August 1941, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, and Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who pledged The Eight Principal points of the Charter.
It was recognized as an international legal right after it was explicitly listed as a right in the UN Charter.
1.2 World Wars I and II
1.2.1 Europe, Asia and Africa
Woodrow Wilson revived America's commitment to self-determination, at least for European states, during World War I.
ボルシェビキがロシアで「10月革命October Revolution」により権力を握ったとき、ボルシェビキは「ロシアが第1次大戦から連合国の一員として即座に撤退する」よう主張した。
ボルシェビキは、さらに、植民地も含む全ての国の「自決権self-determination」という権利を支持した。
The 1918 Constitution of the Soviet Union acknowledged the right of secession for its constituent republics.
このことは、ウィルソンのより制限された要求に対する挑戦となった。
In January 1918 Wilson issued his Fourteen Points of January 1918 which, among other things, called for adjustment of colonial claims, insofar as the interests of colonial powers had equal weight with the claims of subject peoples.
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918 led to Soviet Russia's exit from the war and the nominal independence of Armenia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Poland, though in fact those territories were under German control.
The end of the war led to the dissolution of the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire and Czechoslovakia and the union of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia as new states out of the wreckage of the Habsburg empire.
1.3 The Cold War world
1.3.1 The UN Charter and resolutions
In 1941 Allies of World War II declared the Atlantic Charter and accepted the principle of self-determination.
In January 1942 twenty-six states signed the Declaration by United Nations, which accepted those principles.
The ratification of the United Nations Charter in 1945 at the end of World War II placed the right of self-determination into the framework of international law and diplomacy.
* Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 states that purpose of the UN Charter is: "To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace."
* Article 1 in both the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) reads: "All peoples have the right of self-determination.
By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. "
* The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 15 states that everyone has the right to a nationality and that no one should be arbitrarily deprived of a nationality or denied the right to change nationality.
* Already in the 16th century the Spanish professor of law at the University of Salamanca wrote: "Toda nación tiene derecho a gobernarse a sí misma y puede aceptar el régimen político que quiera, aún cuando no sea el mejor.
All nations have the right to govern themselves and can accept the political regime it wants, even if it is not the best."
On 14 December 1960, the United Nations General Assembly adopted United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) subtitled "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples", which supported the granting of independence to colonial countries and people by providing an inevitable legal linkage between self-determination and its goal of decolonisation.
It postulated a new international law-based right of freedom to exercise economic self-determination.
Article 5 states: Immediate steps shall be taken in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories, or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the people of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom.
[Wikipedia]
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a separate peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I.
The treaty was signed at German-controlled Brest-Litovsk, after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Russians to stop further invasion.
As a result of the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Allies and eleven nations became independent in eastern Europe and western Asia.
Under the treaty, Russia lost nearly all of Ukraine, and the three Baltic republics were ceded to Germany.
In the treaty, Russia ceded to Germany hegemony over Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia; these countries were meant to become German vassal states under German princelings.
Russia also ceded its province of Kars in the South Caucasus to the Ottoman Empire, and recognized the independence of Ukraine.
According to historian Spencer Tucker, "The German General Staff had formulated extraordinarily harsh terms that shocked even the German negotiator."
Congress Poland was not mentioned in the treaty, as Germans refused to recognize the existence of any Polish representatives, which in turn led to Polish protests.
When Germans later complained that the 1919 Treaty of Versailles in the West was too harsh on them, the Allied Powers responded that it was more benign than the terms imposed by the Brest-Litovsk treaty.
The treaty was annulled by the Armistice of 11 November 1918, when Germany surrendered to the western Allies.
However, in the meantime it did provide some relief to the Bolsheviks, already fighting the Russian Civil War (1917–1922) following the Russian Revolutions of 1917, by the renunciation of Russia's claims on Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
