米国は、スーパーパックを言論の自由だと言い張った。
これは、「米国は、結局のところ、言論の自由も、人権も、民主主義も、理解していない」という証明だ。
米国は民主主義の敵だ。
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Speechnow.org v. FEC.
[Wikipedia]
Political action committee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_action_committee
In the United States, a political action committee (PAC) is a tax-exempt 527 organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaigns for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation.
The legal term PAC was created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States.
Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition (see political finance).
At the U.S. federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election, and registers with the Federal Election Commission (FEC), according to the Federal Election Campaign Act as amended by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Act).
Contributions to PACs from corporate or labor union treasuries are illegal, though these entities may sponsor a PAC and provide financial support for its administration and fundraising.
Union-affiliated PACs may solicit contributions only from union members.
Independent PACs may solicit contributions from the general public and must pay their own costs from those funds.
* Super PACs
Super PACs, officially known as "independent expenditure-only political action committees," are unlike traditional PACs in that they may raise unlimited amounts from individuals, corporations, unions, and other groups to spend on, for example, ads overtly advocating for or against political candidates.
However, they are not allowed to either coordinate with or contribute directly to candidate campaigns or political parties.
Super PACs are subject to the same organizational, reporting, and public disclosure requirements of traditional PACs.
Super PACs were made possible by two judicial decisions in 2010: the aforementioned Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and, two months later, Speechnow.org v. FEC.
In Speechnow.org, the federal Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit held that PACs that did not make contributions to candidates, parties, or other PACs could accept unlimited contributions from individuals, unions, and corporations (both for profit and not-for-profit) for the purpose of making independent expenditures.
