The U.S. is lying again.
Zelensky attacked Russia's strategic bomber airbases.
These attacks cannot be done without the support of American reconnaissance satellites.
In fact, Russia pointed out again and again that Zelensky's long-range missiles were operated by American Forces.
American reconnaissance satellites supported Zelensky in both reconnaissance and varification of attacks.
The satellite images which confirmed the results of the attack were open to the public.
I do not know well because I am a layman in this field.
Reconnaissance satellites are not on geostationary orbits, but on Low Earth orbits.
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less.
The course varies.
That is, Zelensky understood when American reconnaissance satellites came to the bases and attacked at the exact moment.
This means that the U.S. and Zelensky still have intimate terms yet.
This is a paradoxical proof but, for example, Starlink has over 7,000 mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit in order to cover around 130 countries and territories.
Reconnaissance satellites are very expensive so there are no such large number of reconnaissance satellites.
Reconnaissance satellites can monitor only a specific location at a specific time.
An American reconnaissance satellite KH-12 is a $1 billion satellite that resembles the Hubble Space Telescope,
Airlines which are banned from Russia take longer to travel between several destinations than carriers that fly over Russia.
Some countries are banned from Russia to fly over Russia.
That is, reconnaissance planes cannot fly over Russia, of course.
[1]
[BBC]
How satellite images show scale of Ukraine's drone attack on Russian bombers
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg9zdxwk29o
New satellite images and drone footage show serious damage inflicted on aircraft at several Russian airbases during Ukraine's surprise drone strike on Sunday.
The images of two Russian airbases in north-western and central Russia, taken on Wednesday morning, show 12 aircraft damaged or destroyed.
Meanwhile, drone footage, released by the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) on Wednesday, showed attacks on these two bases as well as two more targeted elsewhere.
[Wikipedia]
Satellite ground track
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_ground_track
A satellite ground track or satellite ground trace is the path on the surface of a planet directly below a satellite's trajectory.
It is also known as a suborbital track or subsatellite track, and is the vertical projection of the satellite's orbit onto the surface of the Earth (or whatever body the satellite is orbiting).
[Wikipedia]
Low Earth orbit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25.
Most of the artificial objects in outer space are in LEO, peaking in number at an altitude around 800 km (500 mi), while the farthest in LEO, before medium Earth orbit (MEO), have an altitude of 2,000 kilometers, about one-third of the radius of Earth and near the beginning of the inner Van Allen radiation belt.
Orbital characteristics
The mean orbital velocity needed to maintain a stable low Earth orbit is about 7.8 km/s (4.8 mi/s), which translates to 28,000 km/h (17,000 mph).
However, this depends on the exact altitude of the orbit. Calculated for a circular orbit of 200 km (120 mi) the orbital velocity is 7.79 km/s (4.84 mi/s), but for a higher 1,500 km (930 mi) orbit the velocity is reduced to 7.12 km/s (4.42 mi/s).
The pull of gravity in LEO is only slightly less than on the Earth's surface.
This is because the distance to LEO from the Earth's surface is much less than the Earth's radius.
However, an object in orbit is in a permanent free fall around Earth, because in orbit the gravitational force and the centrifugal force balance each other out.[a]
As a result, spacecraft in orbit continue to stay in orbit, and people inside or outside such craft continuously experience weightlessness.
Examples
Earth observation satellites, also known as remote sensing satellites, including spy satellites and other Earth imaging satellites, use LEO as they are able to see the surface of the Earth more clearly by being closer to it.
[HowStuffWorks]
What is a keyhole satellite and what can it really spy on?
https://science.howstuffworks.com/question529.htm
The code named Kennan "Keyhole-class" (KH) reconnaissance satellites have been orbiting the Earth for more than 30 years. They are typically used to take overhead photos for military missions. The big question for a lot of people is: "What can they see?"
A KH-12 is a $1 billion satellite that resembles the Hubble Space Telescope, except it is looking at our planet. For security reasons, there are no published orbit schedules for the imagery spacecraft. They are supplemented by the 15-ton Lacrosse-class radar-imaging satellites.
You can think of a KH satellite as a gigantic orbiting digital camera with an incredibly huge lens on it. Optical image reconnaissance satellites use a charge coupled device (CCD) to gather images that make up a digital photograph for transmission back to Earth from an altitude of about 200 miles. Since the satellites are in orbit, they cannot hover over a given area or provide real-time video of a single location.
The satellites are often placed into various secret orbits by NASA space shuttles or Titan 4 rockets and managed by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), headquartered in Chantilly, Va. Digital images from the satellites are analyzed, manipulated and combined by powerful computers at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
The black and white images are used by the military and civilian communities. Many of the details about this class of satellites remain classified, but it is known that there are several of these overhead at any given time. They have an imaging resolution of 5-6 inches, which means they can see something 5 inches or larger on the ground. These satellites probably can't read your house number, but they can tell whether there is a bike parked in your driveway.
Corona satellites, the first to do mapping of the Earth from space, had an imaging resolution of 6 feet. Those satellites were built by Lockheed Martin under contract to the CIA and the U.S. Air Force from 1960 to 1972 and were reportedly launched more than 100 times.
Mapping analysts can use satellite data to create 3-D images of land formations and structures on the ground. These images can then go to the negotiating table as countries try to end a war. Or, as in the case of the television show, the images can prove that the official word from a foreign government about some activity on the ground is not true. The same technology is also used to visualize potential escape routes for criminal activity. One was once reportedly used to observe the underbelly of an orbiting space shuttle for missing ceramic tiles, needed for re-entry.
In the United States, Vandenberg Air Force Base in California has been the primary site for the launch of many surveillance satellites during the Cold War and to the present. Some early satellites had capsules aboard to return film canisters to the Earth. The canisters were snatched in the air by Air Force crews over the Pacific Ocean. Since 1958 the special satellites were made by Lockheed Martin, and more recently Boeing has the contract with the National Reconnaissance Office.
[Wikipedia]
Starlink
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by Starlink Services, LLC, an international telecommunications provider that is a wholly owned subsidiary of American aerospace company SpaceX, providing coverage to around 130 countries and territories.
SpaceX began launching Starlink satellites in 2019.
As of September 2024, the constellation consists of over 7,000 mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) that communicate with designated ground transceivers.
Nearly 12,000 satellites are planned, with a possible later extension to 34,400.
[Wikipedia]
Hubble Space Telescope
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.
Conception, design and aim
Challenger disaster, delays, and eventual launch
Hubble's cumulative costs are estimated to be about US$11.3 billion in 2015 dollars, which include all subsequent servicing costs, but not ongoing operations, making it the most expensive science mission in NASA history.
[Wikipedia]
Geosynchronous orbit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit
A geosynchronous orbit (sometimes abbreviated GSO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an orbital period that matches Earth's rotation on its axis, 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (one sidereal day).
The synchronization of rotation and orbital period means that, for an observer on Earth's surface, an object in geosynchronous orbit returns to exactly the same position in the sky after a period of one sidereal day.
Over the course of a day, the object's position in the sky may remain still or trace out a path, typically in a figure-8 form, whose precise characteristics depend on the orbit's inclination and eccentricity.
[Wikipedia]
Geostationary orbit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit
A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit[a] (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi) in altitude above Earth's equator, 42,164 km (26,199 mi) in radius from Earth's center, and following the direction of Earth's rotation.
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
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米国はまたもや嘘をついている。
ゼレンスキーはロシアの戦略爆撃機基地を攻撃した。
これらの攻撃は、米偵察衛星の情報がないと不可能だ。
今までも、ゼレンスキーの長距離ミサイルを米軍が運用しているという指摘が何度もあった。
偵察と戦果確認の両方で、米偵察衛星はゼレンスキーを支援した。
戦果確認をした偵察衛星の写真が公開された。
私は素人なのでよくわからない。
偵察衛星は静止軌道にはおらず、低軌道にいる。
低軌道では約120分で地球を一周する。
そのコースは広がりがある。
つまり、ゼレンスキーは、戦果を確認する米偵察衛星がいつ来るかを理解していて、そのタイミングで攻撃したのではないだろうか？
これは、未だに米国とゼレンスキーが密接な関係にある証明だ。
逆説的な証明だが、スターリンクは、地球130か国を365日24時間をカバーするために、7000基の人工衛星を必要とする。
偵察衛星は極めて値段が高いので、そんなに数はない。
偵察衛星は、特定の位置を特定の時間しか監視できないはず。
偵察衛星のキーホール12型衛星は、ハッブル望遠鏡と似たような構造をしており、1基10億ドルする。
[1]
[BBC]
How satellite images show scale of Ukraine's drone attack on Russian bombers
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg9zdxwk29o
New satellite images and drone footage show serious damage inflicted on aircraft at several Russian airbases during Ukraine's surprise drone strike on Sunday.
The images of two Russian airbases in north-western and central Russia, taken on Wednesday morning, show 12 aircraft damaged or destroyed.
Meanwhile, drone footage, released by the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) on Wednesday, showed attacks on these two bases as well as two more targeted elsewhere.
[Wikipedia]
人工衛星軌道の地上への投影Satellite ground track
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_ground_track
A satellite ground track or satellite ground trace is the path on the surface of a planet directly below a satellite's trajectory.
It is also known as a suborbital track or subsatellite track, and is the vertical projection of the satellite's orbit onto the surface of the Earth (or whatever body the satellite is orbiting).
[Wikipedia]
低地球軌道Low Earth orbit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25.
Most of the artificial objects in outer space are in LEO, peaking in number at an altitude around 800 km (500 mi), while the farthest in LEO, before medium Earth orbit (MEO), have an altitude of 2,000 kilometers, about one-third of the radius of Earth and near the beginning of the inner Van Allen radiation belt.
Orbital characteristics
The mean orbital velocity needed to maintain a stable low Earth orbit is about 7.8 km/s (4.8 mi/s), which translates to 28,000 km/h (17,000 mph).
However, this depends on the exact altitude of the orbit. Calculated for a circular orbit of 200 km (120 mi) the orbital velocity is 7.79 km/s (4.84 mi/s), but for a higher 1,500 km (930 mi) orbit the velocity is reduced to 7.12 km/s (4.42 mi/s).
The pull of gravity in LEO is only slightly less than on the Earth's surface.
This is because the distance to LEO from the Earth's surface is much less than the Earth's radius.
However, an object in orbit is in a permanent free fall around Earth, because in orbit the gravitational force and the centrifugal force balance each other out.[a]
As a result, spacecraft in orbit continue to stay in orbit, and people inside or outside such craft continuously experience weightlessness.
Examples
Earth observation satellites, also known as remote sensing satellites, including spy satellites and other Earth imaging satellites, use LEO as they are able to see the surface of the Earth more clearly by being closer to it.
[HowStuffWorks]
キーホール偵察衛星とは何？実際、何を偵察できる？What is a keyhole satellite and what can it really spy on?
https://science.howstuffworks.com/question529.htm
The code named Kennan "Keyhole-class" (KH) reconnaissance satellites have been orbiting the Earth for more than 30 years. They are typically used to take overhead photos for military missions. The big question for a lot of people is: "What can they see?"
A KH-12 is a $1 billion satellite that resembles the Hubble Space Telescope, except it is looking at our planet. For security reasons, there are no published orbit schedules for the imagery spacecraft. They are supplemented by the 15-ton Lacrosse-class radar-imaging satellites.
You can think of a KH satellite as a gigantic orbiting digital camera with an incredibly huge lens on it. Optical image reconnaissance satellites use a charge coupled device (CCD) to gather images that make up a digital photograph for transmission back to Earth from an altitude of about 200 miles. Since the satellites are in orbit, they cannot hover over a given area or provide real-time video of a single location.
The satellites are often placed into various secret orbits by NASA space shuttles or Titan 4 rockets and managed by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), headquartered in Chantilly, Va. Digital images from the satellites are analyzed, manipulated and combined by powerful computers at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
The black and white images are used by the military and civilian communities. Many of the details about this class of satellites remain classified, but it is known that there are several of these overhead at any given time. They have an imaging resolution of 5-6 inches, which means they can see something 5 inches or larger on the ground. These satellites probably can't read your house number, but they can tell whether there is a bike parked in your driveway.
Corona satellites, the first to do mapping of the Earth from space, had an imaging resolution of 6 feet. Those satellites were built by Lockheed Martin under contract to the CIA and the U.S. Air Force from 1960 to 1972 and were reportedly launched more than 100 times.
Mapping analysts can use satellite data to create 3-D images of land formations and structures on the ground. These images can then go to the negotiating table as countries try to end a war. Or, as in the case of the television show, the images can prove that the official word from a foreign government about some activity on the ground is not true. The same technology is also used to visualize potential escape routes for criminal activity. One was once reportedly used to observe the underbelly of an orbiting space shuttle for missing ceramic tiles, needed for re-entry.
In the United States, Vandenberg Air Force Base in California has been the primary site for the launch of many surveillance satellites during the Cold War and to the present. Some early satellites had capsules aboard to return film canisters to the Earth. The canisters were snatched in the air by Air Force crews over the Pacific Ocean. Since 1958 the special satellites were made by Lockheed Martin, and more recently Boeing has the contract with the National Reconnaissance Office.
[Wikipedia]
「スターリンクStarlink」
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by Starlink Services, LLC, an international telecommunications provider that is a wholly owned subsidiary of American aerospace company SpaceX, providing coverage to around 130 countries and territories.
SpaceX began launching Starlink satellites in 2019.
As of September 2024, the constellation consists of over 7,000 mass-produced small satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) that communicate with designated ground transceivers.
Nearly 12,000 satellites are planned, with a possible later extension to 34,400.
[Wikipedia]
「ハッブル宇宙望遠鏡Hubble Space Telescope」
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.
Conception, design and aim
Challenger disaster, delays, and eventual launch
Hubble's cumulative costs are estimated to be about US$11.3 billion in 2015 dollars, which include all subsequent servicing costs, but not ongoing operations, making it the most expensive science mission in NASA history.
[Wikipedia]
「対地同期軌道Geosynchronous orbit」
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit
A geosynchronous orbit (sometimes abbreviated GSO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an orbital period that matches Earth's rotation on its axis, 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (one sidereal day).
The synchronization of rotation and orbital period means that, for an observer on Earth's surface, an object in geosynchronous orbit returns to exactly the same position in the sky after a period of one sidereal day.
Over the course of a day, the object's position in the sky may remain still or trace out a path, typically in a figure-8 form, whose precise characteristics depend on the orbit's inclination and eccentricity.
[Wikipedia]
「静止軌道Geostationary orbit」
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit
A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit[a] (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi) in altitude above Earth's equator, 42,164 km (26,199 mi) in radius from Earth's center, and following the direction of Earth's rotation.
