米国は悪の帝国だ。米国(および西側)は、ロシアに対する国民の不安をあおることで、軍事予算を増やしている。 - IbrahimLumumbaOmar’s blog.I will be a Red Guards.

The U.S. is the evil empire.
The U.S. (and the West) is increasing its military budget by inflaming public anxiety against Russia.
* The nuclear triad theory is too old.
It was abandoned in 1985.
The nuclear triad theory has been used in order to protect the American Military Industry.

* It is well known that Boeing B-52 Stratofortress was developed by Boeing.
Rockwell B-1 Lancer was developed by North American Rockwell/Rockwell International.
Northrop B-2 Spirit was developed by Northrop Corporation.
In order to feed military companies, different makers were chosen every time.

It is written in "Rich, Ben; Leo, Janos (1996). Skunk Works. Little, Brown & Company".

* Only the U.S., the U.K. and the Soviet Union had strategic bombers.
In 1985, the U.K. abandoned its strategic bombers after the Falklands War (Malvinas war) in 1982.
Now, only the U.S. and Russia have strategic bombers.

* The Royal Navy took over the nuclear deterrent role in 1968, using UGM-27 Polaris submarine-launched ballistic missiles launched from nuclear submarines.

* The strategic bombers have only symbolic meaning since the 1980s.
So, the number of built of Rockwell B-1 Lancer was only 104.
The number of built of Northrop B-2 Spirit was only 21.

[Wikipedia]
Avro Vulcan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Vulcan
The Avro Vulcan (later Hawker Siddeley Vulcan from July 1963) was a jet-powered, tailless, delta-wing, high-altitude, strategic bomber, which was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1956 until 1984.

As a part of the V-force, the Vulcan was the backbone of the United Kingdom's airborne nuclear deterrent during much of the Cold War.
Although the Vulcan was typically armed with nuclear weapons, it could also carry out conventional bombing missions, which it did in Operation Black Buck during the Falklands War between the United Kingdom and Argentina in 1982.

[Wikipedia]
V bomber
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_bomber
The "V bombers" were the Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft during the 1950s and 1960s that comprised the United Kingdom's strategic nuclear strike force known officially as the V force or Bomber Command Main Force.
The three models of strategic bomber, known collectively as the V class, were the Vickers Valiant, which first flew in 1951 and entered service in 1955; the Avro Vulcan, which first flew in 1952 and entered service in 1956; and the Handley Page Victor, which first flew in 1952 and entered service in 1957.

When it became clear that the Soviet Union's surface-to-air missiles like the S-75 Dvina could bring down high-flying aircraft, the V bomber force changed to low-level attack methods.
Additionally the Blue Steel missile profile was changed to one of low level penetration and release.
This reduced its range significantly. It was then planned to move to the much longer-ranged Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile.
When the US cancelled Skybolt, the survivability of the V force was highly questionable.
This led to the Royal Navy taking over the nuclear deterrent role from 1968, using UGM-27 Polaris submarine launched ballistic missiles launched from nuclear submarines.

The Vulcan is well-remembered for its conventional Black Buck bombing raids during the 1982 Falklands War.
Usage of all V bombers as weapons platforms, nuclear or conventional, ended in 1982.

[Wikipedia]
Falklands War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War
The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas) was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

[Wikipedia]
Nuclear triad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_triad
A nuclear triad is a three-pronged military force structure of land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers with nuclear bombs and missiles.
Four countries are known to have complete nuclear triad: the United States, Russia, India, and China.

[Wikipedia]
Skunk Works
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Works
Skunk Works is an official pseudonym for Lockheed Martin's Advanced Development Programs (ADP), formerly called Lockheed Advanced Development Projects.
Bibliography
Rich, Ben; Leo, Janos (1996). Skunk Works. Little, Brown & Company. ISBN 0-316-74300-3.

[Wikipedia]
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress
The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades.
It has been operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) since 1955 and was flown by NASA from 1959 to 2007.

[Wikipedia]
Rockwell B-1 Lancer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer
History
Manufactured 1973–1974, 1983–1988
Number built 104
The Rockwell B-1 Lancer[b] is a supersonic variable-sweep wing, heavy bomber used by the United States Air Force. It has been nicknamed the "Bone" (from "B-One").

[Wikipedia]
Northrop B-2 Spirit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_B-2_Spirit
Number built 21
The Northrop B-2 Spirit, also known as the Stealth Bomber, is an American heavy strategic bomber, featuring low-observable stealth technology designed to penetrate dense anti-aircraft defenses.

[1]
B-52 strategic bomber aircraft armed with thermonuclear weapons remained on continuous airborne alert over the Canadian arctic, Alaska, Greenland, and the Mediterranean Sea.
This was called "Operation Chrome Dome", and Operation Chrome Dome was shut down in 1968.

That is, strategic bombers of the U.S. were already relieved of nuclear attack duties in 1968.

[Wikipedia]
Operation Chrome Dome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Chrome_Dome
Operation Chrome Dome was a United States Air Force Cold War-era mission from 1961 to 1968 in which B-52 strategic bomber aircraft armed with thermonuclear weapons remained on continuous airborne alert, flying routes that put them in positions to attack targets in the Soviet Union if they were ordered to do so.

The exact routes varied by year, but in general there were routes that went to positions over the Canadian arctic, Alaska, Greenland, and the Mediterranean Sea.

Many American Air Force bases in the 1960s allocated at least one bomber crew to "Chrome Dome" duty on a regular basis, and many other bases, including foreign bases, were involved in the refueling operations.

Over the years the mission involved overflights of American, Canadian, Danish (Greenland), and Spanish territory, among others.

The goal of "Chrome Dome" was to keep a number of nuclear-armed aircraft in a position to help guarantee nuclear retaliation against the Soviet Union in the event that the latter was somehow able to destroy the majority of US nuclear weapons still on the ground, while also ensuring that Strategic Air Command bomber crews had experience with airborne alert procedures so that, in the event of heightened concern, the number of patrolling bombers could be increased dramatically.

Several high-profile nuclear accidents were associated with the "Chrome Dome" program, including the accidental release of nuclear weapons on foreign territory, and it was shut down in the wake of one such accident in 1968.

1966 overview of US airborne alert routes, based on a document used by White House staff.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Operation_Chrome_Dome.png

Operation Chrome Dome flight routes proposed in October 1961; this image comes from Royal Canadian Air Force files and so is focused on the aspects of the flight that overlapped with Canadian airspace, but part of the Mediterranean route is also visible, as is the observation of the Thule early warning site.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chrome_Dome_1961.jpg

About 90 years ago, in 1937, a Tupolev ANT-25 flew from Moscow to the US via the North Pole.
Western people today are stupider than the people of the Soviet Union 90 years ago.
Communism is great.

[Wikipedia]
Tupolev ANT-25
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25
Development
Another widely publicized feat was the Moscow–San Jacinto non-stop flight in a backup aircraft just three weeks after Chkalov's.
This journey [ru], via the North Pole, covered 11,500 kilometres (7,100 mi) and ended in a dairy pasture outside of San Jacinto, California, after they had encountered fog conditions in San Diego and as far inland as March Air Force base in Riverside.
The landing site is marked by California State Historical Landmark Number 989.
The crew, still composed of Gromov, Yumashev, and Sergey Danilin, flew for 62 hours and 17 minutes between 12 and 14 July 1937.
After landing, the aircraft still had sufficient fuel for approximately 1,500 kilometres (930 mi), enough to reach Panama. This would have involved crossing the Mexican border without the permission of FAI sporting officials.

[Wikipedia]
Valery Chkalov
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Chkalov
Valery Pavlovich Chkalov (2 February [O.S. 20 January] 1904 – 15 December 1938) was a test pilot awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (1936).

[Wikipedia]
ANT-25 (航空機)
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANT-25_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)
ANT-25（ロシア語：АНТ-25）は、ツポレフ設計局で開発されたソ連の航空機である。
1937年7月18日に、北極点を越えてモスクワからアメリカ合衆国のカリフォルニア州のSan Jacintoまでの10148kmを飛行した機体である。
その他にもいろいろな長距離飛行記録を樹立した。

[Wikipedia]
ヴァレリー・チカロフ
 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95
ヴァレリー・パヴロヴィチ・チカロフ（1904年2月2日 - 1938年12月15日）はソ連の飛行士。ソ連邦英雄。
1936年6月、ツポレフ ANT-25 機で、モスクワから北極点を経由して、アムール川河口のウッド島（後にチカロフ島に改名）まで、9,374kmの無着陸飛行に成功（飛行時間は56時間20分）。
さらに、翌1937年には、モスクワから北極点を経由してアメリカ合衆国のバンクーバーまで、12,000kmを越える無着陸飛行に成功し（飛行時間は63時間25分）、無着陸飛行の世界記録を打ち立てた。
その功績を称え、1938年に政府からソ連邦英雄の称号を授与された。

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米国は悪の帝国だ。
米国(および西側)は、ロシアに対する国民の不安をあおることで、軍事予算を増やしている。

* 核の三本柱(トライアド)理論は古すぎる。
その理論は1985年に放棄された。
核の三本柱(トライアド)理論は、米国軍需産業を守るために使われてきた。

* B-52は、ボーイングが作ったことは、よく知られている
ロックウェルB-1は、ロックウェルが作った。。
ノースロップB-2スピリットは、ノースロップが作った。
軍需産業を食わすために、毎回違うメーカーが選択される。

これは、"ベンリッチ著、スカンクワークス"に書いてある。"Rich, Ben; Leo, Janos (1996). Skunk Works. Little, Brown & Company".

* 米国、英国、ソ連のみが、戦略爆撃機を持っていた。
1985年に、英国は、1982年のフォークランド紛争(マルビナス戦争)後、戦略爆撃機を廃止した。
現在は、米国とロシアのみが戦略爆撃機を持っている。

* 英国海軍が、1968年に、ポラリスミサイルを搭載する弾道弾潜水艦により、核抑止の役割を乗っ取った。
The Royal Navy took over the nuclear deterrent role in 1968, using UGM-27 Polaris submarine-launched ballistic missiles launched from nuclear submarines.

* 戦略爆撃機は1980年代以降、象徴的な意味しか持たない。
だから、B-1爆撃機は104機しか製造されなかった。
ノースロップB-2は、21機だけだ。

[Wikipedia]
アブロバルカン
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Vulcan
The Avro Vulcan (later Hawker Siddeley Vulcan from July 1963) was a jet-powered, tailless, delta-wing, high-altitude, strategic bomber, which was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1956 until 1984.

[Wikipedia]
V型爆撃機V bomber
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_bomber
The "V bombers" were the Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft during the 1950s and 1960s that comprised the United Kingdom's strategic nuclear strike force known officially as the V force or Bomber Command Main Force.
The three models of strategic bomber, known collectively as the V class, were the Vickers Valiant, which first flew in 1951 and entered service in 1955; the Avro Vulcan, which first flew in 1952 and entered service in 1956; and the Handley Page Victor, which first flew in 1952 and entered service in 1957.

The Vulcan is well-remembered for its conventional Black Buck bombing raids during the 1982 Falklands War.
Usage of all V bombers as weapons platforms, nuclear or conventional, ended in 1982.

[Wikipedia]
フォークランド戦争Falklands War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War
The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas) was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

[Wikipedia]
核の三本柱Nuclear triad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_triad
A nuclear triad is a three-pronged military force structure of land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers with nuclear bombs and missiles.
Four countries are known to have complete nuclear triad: the United States, Russia, India, and China.

[Wikipedia]
スカンクワークスSkunk Works
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Works
Skunk Works is an official pseudonym for Lockheed Martin's Advanced Development Programs (ADP), formerly called Lockheed Advanced Development Projects.
Bibliography
Rich, Ben; Leo, Janos (1996). Skunk Works. Little, Brown & Company. ISBN 0-316-74300-3.

[1]
核爆弾を装備したB-52戦略爆撃機が、カナダ北極圏、アラスカ、グリーンランド、地中海で、継続的な空中警戒態勢を維持した。
これは、"オペレーションクロームドーム(クロームドーム作戦)"と呼ばれ、このクロームドーム作戦は1968年に終了した。

つまり、米国の戦略爆撃機は、1968年にすでに核攻撃の任務から解かれていたのである。

[Wikipedia]
オペレーションクロームドーム(クロームドーム作戦)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Chrome_Dome
クロームドーム作戦とは、1961年から1968年まで続いた米国空軍の冷戦時代の任務で、核爆弾を装備したB-52戦略爆撃機が、命令があったらばソ連の目標を攻撃できる位置につくようなルートを飛んでおり、継続的な空中警戒態勢を維持した。

実際のルートは、年々変化したが、一般には、カナダ北極圏、アラスカ、グリーンランド、地中海上空へと行くルートがあった。

1960年代、多くの米軍基地は少なくとも1チームの爆撃機乗員を"クロームドーム"任務に定期的に割り当てており、外国の基地を含むその他の多くの基地では、この任務のための給油作戦に関与していた。

何年にもわたり、この任務では、米国、カナダ、デンマーク(グリーンランド)、スペイン、その他の領土上空を飛行した。

"クロームドーム"の目的は、ソ連が何らかの方法で米核兵器の大半を地上で破壊できた場合に対し、報復核を保証する手助けとして、沢山の核装備航空機を位置につけておくことであり、また、戦略空軍爆撃機の乗員が空中警戒手続きの経験をしておくことで、懸念が高まった場合にパトロールする爆撃機の数を劇的に増加させることができるようにすること、であった。

"クロームドーム"計画では、外国の領土に核兵器を放出した事故を含む、いくつかの目立った原子力事故が起き、そうした事故の一つをきっかけに、1968年に計画は廃止された。

ホワイトハウスのスタッフにより用いられた文書に基づく、1966年の米国空中警戒のルート
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Operation_Chrome_Dome.png

1961年10月に提案された、クロームドーム作戦の飛行ルート；この図はカナダ空軍の文書から得たものであり、したがってカナダの空路と被る飛行コースに焦点を置いているものの、地中海のルートも一部見えており、また、早期警戒基地のチュール基地も見える。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chrome_Dome_1961.jpg

[1]
約90年前の1937年、ツポレフ ANT-25は、モスクワから北極を経由し米国へと飛行した。
現在の西側の人間は、90年前のソビエト人よりもバカだ。
共産主義は素晴らしい。

[Wikipedia]
Tupolev ANT-25
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25

最初の試作機は1933年に初飛行。
The first prototype, designated Experimental Airplane RD-1, (also designated TsAGI-25, ANT-25), RD standing for Rekord Dalnosty, i.e. "Range Record") made its maiden flight on 22 June 1933, piloted by Mikhail Gromov, using a direct-drive M-34 engine.

Development

Another widely publicized feat was the Moscow–San Jacinto non-stop flight in a backup aircraft just three weeks after Chkalov's.
This journey [ru], via the North Pole, covered 11,500 kilometres (7,100 mi) and ended in a dairy pasture outside of San Jacinto, California, after they had encountered fog conditions in San Diego and as far inland as March Air Force base in Riverside.
The landing site is marked by California State Historical Landmark Number 989.
The crew, still composed of Gromov, Yumashev, and Sergey Danilin, flew for 62 hours and 17 minutes between 12 and 14 July 1937.
After landing, the aircraft still had sufficient fuel for approximately 1,500 kilometres (930 mi), enough to reach Panama. This would have involved crossing the Mexican border without the permission of FAI sporting officials.