またもや西側は嘘をついている。
西側は、ウクライナのプランテーションオーナーになろうとしているのだ。
全ての西側諸国は、ウクライナの農地から手を引け。
西側は今すぐ死ぬべきだ。
西側は、帝国主義者で、植民地主義者でファシストだ。
西側は、アフリカの飢饉を悪用し小麦を売ろうとしている。なぜなら、西側はウクライナの農地の所有者だから。
Zelenskiy wants Ukraine’s parliament by the end of the year to pass legislation on lifting the ban on land sales.
In the face of the opposition from farmers, he has agreed that only Ukrainians should be allowed to buy farmland for the first few years.
The loophole is that this would include foreign-owned companies that have been working in Ukraine for more than three years.
Among them is AgroGeneration, a French-based publicly traded company that is majority owned by U.S. investors and whose CEO is an American, John Shmorhun.
He says the company farms about 55,000 hectares leased from about 15,000 individual owners in the Kharkiv region of eastern Ukraine, producing sunflowers, soybeans, corn and wheat. He has a team of people who manage the lease agreements, which by law run for a minimum of seven years, although often much longer.
[AP]October 31, 2019
ウクライナが農地を売却しようとしていることは、外国に恐怖を呼び起こしている。
Ukraine’s plan to sell farmland raises fears of foreigners
https://apnews.com/article/business-china-russia-europe-international-news-485c96d4fc5e49378b101eb0f0c4b051
Most of Ukraine’s rich farmland is carved up into small plots owned by about 7 million people, like Tetiana Petrovych, the postmistress in this village west of the capital. They own the land but can’t sell it.
Ukraine, which is one of the top grain exporters in the world and recently overtook the U.S. as the leading exporter of corn to China, forbids the sale of agricultural land.
This seems about to change.
Ukraine’s new president wants to open the land market, a step long pushed by economists and international financial institutions to stimulate investment in an agricultural sector with much untapped potential.
Not everyone is happy, though.
President Volodymyr Zelenskiy and his government have given assurances that Ukrainians will have preference in buying land, but there are potential loopholes and the fears persist.
ウクライナがソ連の一部だった時、農業は集団化されており、すべての農地は国の所有だった。
After the Soviet breakup in 1991, those who worked on the farms were given shares of the land, although it took years to formalize.
There was then a brief period when land sales were permitted, but a moratorium was imposed in 2001 until a legal framework could be created to regulate the market.
It has never been lifted.
ゼレンスキーは、ウクライナ議会に対し、この年の終わりまでに「"土地売却禁止"を廃止する法律」を通すように望んだ。
農家の反対にあったとき、ゼレンスキーは、「最初の数年間は、ウクライナ人のみが農地を買えるようにする」と約束した。
しかしこの法律には抜け穴があり、ウクライナで3年以上活動している外資系企業もウクライナの農地を買うことが可能なのだ。
フランスの企業AgroGenerationなどがウクライナの農地を買おうとしている。AgroGenerationは、米投資家が所有し、CEOは米国人John Shmorhunだ。
He says the company farms about 55,000 hectares leased from about 15,000 individual owners in the Kharkiv region of eastern Ukraine, producing sunflowers, soybeans, corn and wheat. He has a team of people who manage the lease agreements, which by law run for a minimum of seven years, although often much longer.
Most small landowners lease their plots so they can be farmed more efficiently.
That’s the case with Petrovych and others in Nebelytsia, a village of several hundred people.
She and her daughter own plots of two hectares (five acres) each, which they lease to Serhii Halusyn, who farms the cornfields that stretch out from the village.
“Thanks to Halusyn, our lands don’t choke with weeds and I have corn,” Petrovych said.
Instead of cash, she takes her yearly payment in corn and uses it to feed her cow.
And because she has milk and cottage cheese to share with her neighbors, they give her carrots, beets and pumpkins from their gardens.
Petrovych, 61, earns a little money by delivering the village mail on her bicycle.
On a recent Saturday, her pouch was stuffed with electricity bills and an envelope of cash for a woman who receives her alimony through the post office.
She also delivers monthly pensions of about $80 to more than 40 elderly villagers.
She has no interest in selling her land, hoping some of her 10 grandchildren will one day want to live in the village, about a 90-minute drive from Kyiv. She also opposes allowing land sales in general, a view widely shared in the village.
“If foreigners come, they will take away our only possibility to work,” Viktor Romaniuk, 52, said as he drove a combine harvesting the last of this year’s corn crop.
“They will give us only a little money and crush small- and medium-sized business. I’m against the sale of land.”
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[abc News]October 31, 2019
Ukraine's plan to sell farmland raises fears of foreigners
https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/ukraines-plan-sell-farmland-raises-fears-foreigners-66658980
Plans by the new Ukrainian government to lift the ban on sales of farmland are stirring fears that Ukraine's coveted black earth will be bought up by foreigners, including Russians
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Zelenskiy is only a dog of the West.
Zelenskiy has been making "Ukrainian people" "peasants of the West."
Ukrainian people must rise against Zelenskiy immediately.
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ルーマニアは既に西側に植民地化されている。
"However, if things progress in a similar way to neighboring Romania, foreign control of this land could transpire."
"Romania has a similar story of dissolving collectivized farms, giving land titles to collective farm workers, and imposing a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land. Loopholes in the country’s national legislation have created opportunities for foreign control of land via bankruptcy proceedings."
"As documented by Judith Bouniol(link is external), the bankruptcy of national agribusinesses has provided a gateway for foreign control of Romania’s farmland."
[Oakland Institute]May 8, 2015
Who Owns Agricultural Land in Ukraine?
https://www.oaklandinstitute.org/blog/who-owns-agricultural-land-ukraine
The fate of Ukraine’s agricultural sector is on shaky ground.
Last year, the Oakland Institute reported that over 1.6 million hectares (ha) of land in Ukraine are now under the control of foreign-based corporations. Further research has allowed for the identification of additional foreign investments.
Some estimates now bring the total of Ukrainian farmland controlled by foreign companies to over 2.2 million ha;1 however, research has also identified important grey areas around land tenure in the country, and who actually controls land in Ukraine today is difficult to ascertain.
The companies and shareholders behind foreign land acquisitions in Ukraine span many different parts of the world.
The Danish "Trigon Agri," for example, holds over 52,000 ha(link is external).
Trigon was established in 2006 using start-up capital from Finnish "high net worth individuals(link is external)."
The company is traded in Stockholm (NASDAQ), and its largest shareholders include(link is external): JPM Chase (UK, 9.5 percent); Swedbank (Sweden, 9.4 percent); UB Securities (Finland, 7.9 percent); Euroclear Bank (Belgium, 6.6 percent); and JP Morgan Clearing Corp (USA, 6.2 percent).
The United Farmers Holding Company(link is external), which is owned by a group of Saudi Arabian investors, controls some 33,000 ha(link is external) of Ukrainian farmland through Continental Farmers Group PLC.
AgroGeneration, which holds 120,000 ha(link is external) of Ukrainian farmland, is incorporated in France, with over 62 percent(link is external) of its shares managed by SigmaBleyzer(link is external), a Texas-based investment company.
US pension fund NCH Capital holds 450,000 ha(link is external).
The company began in 1993 and boasts being some of the earliest western investors(link is external) in Ukraine after the break-up of the Soviet Union. Over the past decade, the company has systematically leased out small parcels of agricultural land (around two to six hectares in size) across Ukraine, aggregating these into large-scale farms that now operate industrially.
According to NCH Capital’s General Partner, George Rohr(link is external), the leases give the company the right to buy the currently-leased farmland once the moratorium on the sale of land in Ukraine is lifted.
Another subset of companies have Ukrainian leadership, often a mix of domestic and foreign investment, and may be incorporated in tax havens like Cyprus, Austria, and Luxembourg.
Some of them are also led by Ukrainian oligarchs. For instance, UkrLandFarming(link is external) controls the country's largest land-bank, totalling 654,000 ha of land. 95 percent(link is external) of the shares of UkrLandFarming are owned by multi-millionaire Oleg Bakhmatyuk with the remaining five percent having been recently sold to Cargill.
Similarly, Yuriy Kosiuk, Ukraine's fifth richest man(link is external), is the CEO of MHP, one of the country's largest agricultural companies, which holds over 360,000 ha(link is external) of farmland.
With the onset of the political crisis, several of these mostly Ukrainian-based companies have descended into crisis themselves.
One example is Cyprus-incorporated Mriya Agro Holding, which holds a land-bank of close to 300,000 ha.
In 2014, the company’s website (which is no longer available online) indicated that 80 percent of the shares of Mriya Agro Holding are/were owned by the Guta family (Ukrainian), who hold primary leadership positions in the company.
The remaining 20 percent are/were listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
According to news sources, in summer 2014 the company defaulted on its payments(link is external) for two large Eurobonds, putting its future into question. The company first enlisted the support of US-based Blackstone Group(link is external) and Ukrainian-based Dragon Capital, both of whom withdrew support after only one month; and later, the international auditing and financial service firm, Deloitte(link is external).
An international bondholder committee(link is external) was struck, comprised of several US and UK-based investment groups (including CarVal Investors(link is external) – Cargill’s investment arm), which together own over 50 percent of the debt owed on Mriya’s 2018 Eurobonds and 15 percent of the 2016 Eurobonds. The future of this firm is unclear with some sources suggesting(link is external) a risk of bankruptcy.
Other Ukrainian-owned companies incorporated in tax havens are also experiencing difficulties. Sintal Agriculture Public Ltd (based in Cyprus, traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange as of 2008, and holding almost 150,000 ha of land) ceased trading in shares on January 29, 2014 "until further notice(link is external)" after bankruptcy proceedings(link is external) were initiated against the company.
In 2013, its website (now also defunct) indicated that 36.3 percent of the company was free floating shares.
The potential bankruptcy of these corporations, and the involvement of Western investors in the crisis management, raises questions about the fate of the agricultural land they hold.
At this time, it is not clear how control over the agricultural lands in question will be addressed and what the role of foreign companies and funds who have invested in these companies will be.
However, if things progress in a similar way to neighboring Romania, foreign control of this land could transpire.
Romania has a similar story of dissolving collectivized farms, giving land titles to collective farm workers, and imposing a moratorium on the sale of agricultural land. Loopholes in the country’s national legislation have created opportunities for foreign control of land via bankruptcy proceedings.
As documented by Judith Bouniol(link is external), the bankruptcy of national agribusinesses has provided a gateway for foreign control of Romania’s farmland.
It is far from clear if the same scenario could take place in Ukraine.
However, this lesson from Romania emphasizes the importance of keeping close watch on these agricultural land deals.
In addition, the murky situation around land ownership in Ukraine raises many questions. Perhaps the most important is whether the growing concentration of Ukrainian land in the hands of a few oligarchs and foreign corporations can benefit the country, its people, and its economy.
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[Australian National Review]May 27, 2022
3つの米巨大多国籍企業が、ウクライナの農地1700万ヘクタールを買収
Three Large American Multinationals Bought 17 Million Hectares of Ukrainian Agricultural Land
https://www.australiannationalreview.com/lifestyle/three-large-american-multinationals-bought-17-million-hectares-of-ukrainian-agricultural-land/
These are Cargill, Dupont and Monsanto (which is officially German-Australian but with American capital).
Five percent of Ukrainian agricultural land was subsequently purchased by the Chinese state. For comparison, the whole of Italy has 16.7 million hectares of agricultural land.
In short, three American companies bought more useful agricultural land in Ukraine than the whole of Italy.
Among the main shareholders of these three companies are Vanguard, Blackrock, Blackstone.
The usual suspects again…
https://www.ritimo.org/A-qui-profite-vraiment-la-creation-d-un-marche-des-terres-en-Ukraine
Editor’s note:
The 17 million hectares quoted was an error and its 1.7 million. Note the alleged companies don’t hold the land in their names but via investment funds.
著者注:
1700万ヘクタールは170万ヘクタールの間違い。
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In the year following the reform, three international consortia with American capital became the largest buyers in Ukraine.
The Australian National Journal wrote that these three multinationals purchased a total of 17 million hectares of farmland, which represented 28 percent of arable land, or nearly a third.
The three giants are Cargill, DuPont and Monsanto.
“The Ukrainian puppet government allowed three American companies to buy more agricultural land than there is in all of Italy.”
[CampusLately]July 30, 2022
AMERICAN GIANTS BUY UKRAINIAN FARMLAND
https://www.campuslately.com/american-giants-buy-ukrainian-farmland/
55% of the total area of Ukraine is arable land. It is not just a species: fertile soils rich in fats are of enormous agricultural value.
But for a long time, it could only be rented.
In 2001, the Ukrainian government adopted a moratorium on the sale and purchase of land, which was subsequently extended ten times.
Farmers who had only a small area of land, the cultivation of which was not profitable, preferred to rent the area. Thus the small estates came under the influence of the large agricultural corporations, who used valuable black soil for a pittance.
A change occurred on July 1, 2021, when the previous moratorium was lifted under pressure from the Washington-based International Monetary Fund (IMF), and thus the possibility of buying and selling land became available again. Zelensky’s government began land privatization and enabled economic actors outside Ukraine to purchase agricultural land. Prices quickly jumped from $2,500 to $10,000 per hectare, which is still very good considering the high quality of the land.
In the year following the reform, three international consortia with American capital became the largest buyers in Ukraine.
The Australian National Journal wrote that these three multinationals purchased a total of 17 million hectares of farmland, which represented 28 percent of arable land, or nearly a third. The three giants are Cargill, DuPont and Monsanto.
The portal article states,
“The Ukrainian puppet government allowed three American companies to buy more agricultural land than there is in all of Italy.”
They also declared that Ukrainian lands no longer belong to Ukrainians.
However, President Volodymyr Zelensky himself previously described the unlimited acquisition of land by the Chinese, Arabs, or “unidentified flying objects” with horror stories.
The United States is not the first to set its sights on Ukrainian agricultural land.
According to an earlier article in the Wall Street Journal, as early as 2013, China signed a half-century lease agreement for nine percent of Ukraine’s best agricultural land, which represents five percent of the country’s total area.
Giorgi Soros has already proven how good it is to buy farmland.
“I am convinced that arable land is one of the best investments of our time,” said the Hungarian-American businessman, who himself bought vast tracts in the past, and many speculators followed suit.
By the way, the role of Ukrainian agricultural land is also decisive from the point of view of world food, since Ukraine is one of the most important agricultural exporters: 16 percent of the world’s corn and 12 percent of wheat come from here.
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[Wikipedia]
「アメリカに死をDeath to America」
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_to_America
「アメリカに死をDeath to America」は、「反米政治スローガン」及び「反米政治スローガンを唱えるときの言葉」。
イラン、アフガニスタン、レバノン、イエメン、イラク、パキスタンで用いられている。
イランでは、1979年イラン革命開始時から用いられている。
イランイスラム共和国の第1代最高指導者であるローホーラ・ホメイニ師がこの言葉を広めた。
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Death to America.
Death to the West.
