テキサス共和国、ヒューストン、オースティン
[Wikipedia]
Texas Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Revolution
The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion by Anglo-American immigrants as well as Hispanic Texans (known as Texians and Tejanos respectively) against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas.
Although the uprising was part of a larger revolt against the Centralist Republic of Mexico that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Mexican government believed the United States had instigated the Texas insurrection with the goal of annexation.
The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag".
Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas.
It was eventually annexed by the United States about a decade later.
Background
Mexican authorities became increasingly concerned about the stability of the region.
The colonies teetered at the brink of revolt in 1829, after Mexico abolished slavery.
In response, President Anastasio Bustamante implemented the Laws of April 6, 1830, which, among other things, prohibited further immigration to Texas from the United States, increased taxes, and reiterated the ban on slavery.
Settlers simply circumvented or ignored the laws.
By 1834, an estimated 30,000 Anglos lived in Coahuila y Tejas, compared to only 7,800 Mexican-born residents.
By the end of 1835, almost 5,000 enslaved Africans and African Americans lived in Texas, making up 13 percent of the non-Indian population.
[Wikipedia]
Republic of Texas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Texas
The Republic of Texas (Spanish: República de Tejas), or simply Texas, was a sovereign country in North America from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846.
Texas was bordered by Mexico to the west and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast, the two U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas to the east and northeast, and U.S. unorganized territory encompassing parts of the current U.S. states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming to the north.
The Texas Revolution began when hostilities broke out on October 2, 1835, shortly before the regime of Mexican President and General Antonio López de Santa Anna adopted a new Mexican constitution known as the Siete Leyes that abolished the authority of the states under the federal republic and established a centralized government.
The revolution lasted for over six months.
On March 2, 1836, delegates in convention proclaimed the Texas Declaration of Independence.
Major fighting ended on April 21, 1836, with the Treaties of Velasco that ended the fighting and secured Texas' independence.
The Mexican Congress refused to recognize the independence of the Republic of Texas, as the Treaties of Velasco were signed by Santa Anna under duress as prisoner.
The majority of the Mexican Congress did not approve the agreement.
Much of its territory was controlled and disputed by Mexico or the Comancheria; Mexico considered it a rebellious province during its entire existence.
[Wikipedia]
Sam Houston
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Houston
Samuel Houston (March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution.
He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two individuals to represent Texas in the United States Senate.
He also served as the sixth governor of Tennessee and the seventh governor of Texas.
Houston settled in Texas in 1832.
After the Battle of Gonzales, he helped organize Texas's provisional government and was selected as the top-ranking official in the Texian Army.
He led the Texian Army to victory at the Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive battle in Texas's war for independence against Mexico.
After the war, Houston won the 1836 Texan presidential election.
President of Texas
In early 1837, the government moved to a new capital, the city of Houston, named after him as the country's first president.
Legacy
Houston, the largest city in Texas and the American South, is named in his honor.
Several other things and places are named for Houston, including Sam Houston State University; Houston County, Minnesota; Houston County, Tennessee; Houston County, Texas.
Other monuments and memorials include Sam Houston National Forest, Sam Houston Regional Library and Research Center, U.S. Army post Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, the USS Sam Houston (SSBN-609), and a Texas State Highway Beltway 8 is named after Houston with the names Sam Houston Tollway and Sam Houston Parkway.
A sculpture of Houston by Enrico Cerracchio is an outdoor bronze sculpture, installed at the northwest corner of Houston's Hermann Park, in Texas.
[Wikipedia]
Stephen F. Austin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin
Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836) was an American-born empresario.
Known as the "Father of Texas" and the founder of Anglo Texas, he led the second and, ultimately, the successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families and their slaves from the United States to the Tejas region of Mexico in 1825.
Numerous places and institutions are named in his honor, including the capital of Texas.
