Southeast Asia, South Asia, North Korea, Africa, Islamic countries, Latin America, Russia, China, India, Brazil and South Africa must get independence from the West.
Southeast Asia, South Asia, North Korea, Africa, Islamic countries, Latin America, Russia, China, India, Brazil and South Africa must unite.
The U.S. always touts "freedom", such as the "Freedom of Navigation Program", but it is the West which destroys the "Freedom of Navigation Program".
[Wikipedia]
Strait of Malacca
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 900 kilometres (560 mi) long and from 65 to 250 km (40 to 155 mi) wide, between the Malay Peninsula to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest, connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean).
As the main shipping channel between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.
History
Since the 17th century, the strait has been the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Various major regional powers have managed the straits during different historical periods.
Economic importance
The strait is the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, linking major Asian economies such as India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, China, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea.
The Strait of Malacca is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa, from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its rail connections to Central Europe and the North Sea.
Over 94,000 vessels pass through the strait each year (2008) making it the busiest strait in the world, carrying about 25% of the world's traded goods, including oil, Chinese manufactured products, coal, palm oil and Indonesian coffee.
About a quarter of all oil carried by sea passes through the strait, mainly from Persian Gulf suppliers to Asian markets.
In 2007, an estimated 13.7 million barrels per day were transported through the strait, increasing to an estimated 15.2 million barrels per day in 2011.
In addition, it is also one of the world's most congested shipping choke points because it narrows to only 2.8 km (1.5 nautical miles) wide at the Phillip Channel (close to southern Singapore).
The strategic significance of the strait has led to security concerns for major trading nations, particularly China.
In 2003, Chinese president Hu Jintao coined the term "Malacca dilemma" to describe China's vulnerability to potential disruptions in energy supplies transiting the strait.
With roughly 80% of China's imported crude oil passing through this narrow maritime corridor, Chinese policymakers have identified the strait as a critical chokepoint.
The concept has since influenced China’s foreign policy, leading to investments in alternative energy routes and maritime security initiatives.
International Cooperation
List of international organisations and agreements
* Malacca Strait Patrols: A cooperative security initiative launched in 2004. It includes Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. The main focus of the framework is to coordinate joint naval patrols, surveillance and intelligence exchange.
* MALSINDO: A trilateral agreement between the three coastal states in the Strait of Malacca with a focus on deterring pirates through naval patrols.
* Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia: A larger agreement in its extent, its delves into information-sharing between states, capacity building and reporting.
[Wikipedia]
Singapore
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore
History
British colonisation
The British governor Stamford Raffles arrived in Singapore on 28 January 1819 and soon recognised the island as a natural choice for the new port.
In 1824, a further treaty with the Sultan led to the entire island becoming a part of the British Empire.
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東南アジア、南アジア、北朝鮮、アフリカ、イスラム諸国、中南米、ロシア、中国、インド、ブラジル、南アフリカは、西側から独立すべきだ。
東南アジア、南アジア、北朝鮮、アフリカ、イスラム諸国、中南米、ロシア、中国、インド、ブラジル、南アフリカは、団結すべきだ。
米国は、「航行の自由」などと、常に、「自由フリーダム」を掲げるが、「航行の自由」を破壊しているのは西側だ。
[Wikipedia]
マラッカ海峡
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 900 kilometres (560 mi) long and from 65 to 250 km (40 to 155 mi) wide, between the Malay Peninsula to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest, connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean).
As the main shipping channel between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.
歴史
Since the 17th century, the strait has been the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Various major regional powers have managed the straits during different historical periods.
経済的重要性
The strait is the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, linking major Asian economies such as India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, China, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea.
The Strait of Malacca is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa, from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its rail connections to Central Europe and the North Sea.
毎年(2008年)、9万400隻の船が通過し、石油、中国工業製品、石炭、パーム油、インドネシアのコーヒーを含む世界貿易の25%が通過する。
Over 94,000 vessels pass through the strait each year (2008) making it the busiest strait in the world, carrying about 25% of the world's traded goods, including oil, Chinese manufactured products, coal, palm oil and Indonesian coffee.
海上輸送される石油の内4分の1が通過し、主にペルシャ湾からアジア市場に供給される。
About a quarter of all oil carried by sea passes through the strait, mainly from Persian Gulf suppliers to Asian markets.
In 2007, an estimated 13.7 million barrels per day were transported through the strait, increasing to an estimated 15.2 million barrels per day in 2011.
In addition, it is also one of the world's most congested shipping choke points because it narrows to only 2.8 km (1.5 nautical miles) wide at the Phillip Channel (close to southern Singapore).
この海峡の重要性は、主要な貿易国、特に中国にとって、安全保障上の懸念を抱かせた。
2003年、中国主席胡錦涛は、この海峡を通るエネルギーの潜在的な混乱に対する中国の脆弱性を表すために、”マラッカのジレンマ”と言う単語を生み出した。
The strategic significance of the strait has led to security concerns for major trading nations, particularly China.
In 2003, Chinese president Hu Jintao coined the term "Malacca dilemma" to describe China's vulnerability to potential disruptions in energy supplies transiting the strait.
中国の輸入する石油のうち、80%はこの海峡を通過し、中国の政治家たちは、この海峡を、決定的なチョークポイントをみなしている。
With roughly 80% of China's imported crude oil passing through this narrow maritime corridor, Chinese policymakers have identified the strait as a critical chokepoint.
この概念はそれ以来、中国の外国政策に影響を与えており、、代替的なエネルギー輸送ルートや、海上安全保障への投資をしている。
The concept has since influenced China’s foreign policy, leading to investments in alternative energy routes and maritime security initiatives.
International Cooperation
List of international organisations and agreements
* Malacca Strait Patrols: A cooperative security initiative launched in 2004. It includes Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. The main focus of the framework is to coordinate joint naval patrols, surveillance and intelligence exchange.
* MALSINDO: A trilateral agreement between the three coastal states in the Strait of Malacca with a focus on deterring pirates through naval patrols.
* Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia: A larger agreement in its extent, its delves into information-sharing between states, capacity building and reporting.
[Wikipedia]
シンガポール
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore
歴史
英国による植民地化
The British governor Stamford Raffles arrived in Singapore on 28 January 1819 and soon recognised the island as a natural choice for the new port.
In 1824, a further treaty with the Sultan led to the entire island becoming a part of the British Empire.
1824年、シンガポール島全島は、大英帝国の一部とされた。
