米国は「中立国が中立を放棄したら、軍事侵攻される」と言っている。
米国は「中立国が中立を放棄したら、軍事侵攻される」と言っている。
もしも中立国が中立を放棄するなら、米国は軍事侵攻する。
これは非常に重要な問題だ。
米国は悪の帝国だ。
米国は滅びるべきだ。
ノーベル平和賞およびノーベル賞は西側にハイジャックされている。
そもそもノルウェーとスウェーデンは西側諸国だ。
ノルウェーとスウェーデンは中立国ではない。
それとも、ノルウェーとスウェーデンは中立国だろうか？
(ノルウェーがNATOメンバーなことは私も知っている)
「トリホス・カーター条約 Torrijos–Carter Treaties (新パナマ運河条約)」は、「もしもパナマ運河が中立ではなくなったら、米軍は軍事的に干渉する」と言っているように見える。
米国には左翼はいない。
西側には左翼はいない。
西側及び米国には、右翼と極右しかいない。
我々は、西側も米国も信用できない。
[Wikipedia]
「トリホス・カーター条約 Torrijos–Carter Treaties (新パナマ運河条約)」
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties
「トリホス・カーター条約 Torrijos–Carter Treaties (新パナマ運河条約)(スペイン語: Tratados Torrijos-Carter)」は、米国とパナマが1977年9月7日にワシントンDCで調印した2つの条約で、1903年の「Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treatyパナマ運河条約」を取って代わるものである。
このトリホス・カーター条約は、1999年以降パナマがパナマ運河の支配権をえることを保障するものであり、1903年以来米国が行使してきたパナマ運河の支配を終わらせるものである。
トリホス・カーター条約のうちの一つ目の条約は、正式名称「パナマ運河の永久中立と運営に関する条約Treaty Concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal」であり、一般に、”中立条約”として知られている
この条約の下では、全ての国にパナマ運河が中立的なサービスを提供し続けることに干渉するかもしれないあらゆる脅威に対して、米国はパナマ運河を防衛する権利を永久に保持している。
トリホス・カーター条約のうちの二つ目の条約は、「パナマ運河条約Panama Canal Treaty」という名称で、1999年12月31日12:00からパナマがパナマ運河の全ての運営の完全な支配権を引継ぎ、パナマ運河の防衛に主要な責任を負う、というものである。
そして今。
[Guardian]29 Dec 2024
Trump lobs threats at Greenland, Panama and Canada – should we take him seriously?
It all seems like political theatre of the absurd – but the disrupter-in-chief has a habit of making the unthinkable inevitable
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/dec/29/trump-greenland-panama-china-threats
In another post, Trump wished merry Christmas to all “including to the wonderful soldiers of China, who are lovingly, but illegally, operating the Panama canal”. He poked fun at the Canadian prime minister,
Justin Trudeau, and claimed the US could annex Canada as its 51st state.
For good measure, he addressed “the people of Greenland, which is needed by the United States for National Security purposes and, who want the US to be there, and we will!”
[BBC]26 Dec 2024
Panama's president calls Trump's Chinese canal claim 'nonsense'
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8rj11ne68eo
Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino has denied claims by US president-elect Donald Trump that there are Chinese soldiers stationed at the Panama Canal.
In recent days Trump has threatened to take the canal back into US control, accusing Panama of "ripping off" the US by charging high shipping rates.
In a message posted to his Truth Social account on Wednesday, Trump wrote: "Merry Christmas to all, including to the wonderful soldiers of China, who are lovingly, but illegally, operating the Panama Canal".
Mulino called the claim "nonsense" and said that there is "absolutely no Chinese interference".
[Wikipedia]
Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Bunau-Varilla_Treaty
The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty (Spanish: Tratado Hay-Bunau Varilla) was a treaty signed on November 18, 1903, by the United States and Panama, which established the Panama Canal Zone and the subsequent construction of the Panama Canal.
It was named after its two primary negotiators, Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, the French diplomatic representative of Panama, and United States Secretary of State John Hay.
Background
See also: History of the Panama Canal, Separation of Panama from Colombia, and History of Panama § US involvement
From 1882, Ferdinand de Lesseps, who had built the Suez Canal, started work on a canal traversing the Isthmus of Panama, which was then part of Colombia.
By 1889, with engineering challenges caused by frequent landslides, slippage of equipment and mud, plus disease, the effort failed in bankruptcy.
After the collapse of the de Lesseps efforts to build the Panama Canal, Bunau-Varilla became an important shareholder of the Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama, which still had the concession, as well as certain valuable assets, for the building of a canal in Panama.
The US intent to influence the area, especially the Panama Canal's construction and control, led to the separation of Panama from Colombia in 1903 and its establishment as an independent state.
The US had negotiated the Hay–Herrán Treaty with Colombia in early 1903 that would give it control of the canal and would include the purchase of the French-held land for $40 million.
When the Congress of Colombia rejected that Treaty on August 12, 1903, Bunau-Varilla and the other French investors were faced with the prospect of losing everything.
Justly confident that American President Theodore Roosevelt would support his initiative, he met with Manuel Amador, the leader of the Panamanian independence movement, in a suite in the Waldorf-Astoria hotel in New York where he wrote him a $100,000 check to fund a renewed Panamanian revolt. In return, Bunau-Varilla would become Panama's representative in Washington.
In November 1903 Panama, tacitly supported by the United States, proclaimed its independence, and on November 13, the United States formally recognized the Republic of Panama.
Although not Panamanian himself, Bunau-Varilla was promptly appointed Panamanian ambassador to the United States.
He had not, however, been in Panama for seventeen years, nor did he ever return.
The treaty was negotiated in Washington, D.C., and New York City. As part of the Hay–Bunau-Varilla negotiations, the U.S. bought the shares and assets of the Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama for $40 million as originally stipulated in the Hay–Herrán Treaty.[7][8] The treaty was quickly drafted and signed by Bunau-Varilla and Hay the night before the Panamanian delegation arrived in Washington.
Terms
The terms of the treaty stated that the United States was to receive rights to a canal zone which was to extend five miles on either side of the canal route in perpetuity, and Panama was to receive a payment from the U.S. up to $10 million and an annual rental payment of $250,000.
Panama never legally became a colony of the United States; the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty gave the United States governance only in the Canal Zone.
Aftermath
This treaty was a source of conflict between Panama and the United States since its creation.
The Canal Zone became a racially and socially segregated area, set aside from the country of Panama. The push for environmental determinism seemed to be the best framework to justify American practices in Panama.
The conflict from the treaty reached its peak on January 9, 1964, with riots over sovereignty of the Panama Canal Zone.
The riot started after a Panamanian flag was torn during conflict between Panamanian students and Canal Zone Police officers, over the right of the Panamanian flag to be flown alongside the U.S. flag.
U.S. Army units became involved in suppressing the violence after the Canal Zone Police were overwhelmed. After three days of fighting, about 22 Panamanians and four U.S. soldiers were killed.
This day is known in Panama as Martyrs' Day.
The events of January 9 were considered to be a significant factor in the U.S. decision to negotiate the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties, which finally abolished the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty and allowed the gradual transfer of control of the Canal Zone to Panama and the handover of full control of the Panama Canal on December 31, 1999.
